Establishing relationships
Cite sources so evidence can be found again
A useful citation lets another researcher locate the same record. It is also needed for negative findings or uncertain readings.
Read the guide ↗ROOT & GENEALOGY
Compare sources
A shared name does not prove a relationship. Build a timeline, compare clues and make conclusions traceable by citing the records you used.
Your result is a reviewable conclusion with evidence, conflicts and open questions. Leave uncertain relationships unresolved and identify the record that could confirm or reject them.
| Sources & references | The method, step by step | What to watch for |
|---|---|---|
| Record image | Check readings, details and context | A record may contain errors or indirect statements. |
| Index or transcription | Locate an entry quickly | Names or details can be omitted. Return to the image. |
| Online tree | Find a clue or fellow researcher | Relationships need their own evidence. |
| Testimony | Recover memories and questions | Memory and perspective may alter an account. |
| Newspaper and directory | Find an address, occupation or notice, then verify elsewhere. | Imperfect OCR, gaps and publication date distinct from event date. |
| Archive catalogue | Identify collection, reference and repository. | A description guarantees neither a name index, image nor immediate access. |
| Passenger lists | Connect ports, journey and contacts. | Recorded journey, not proven settlement. |
| Probate records | Extract explicit relationships, assets and proceedings. | A beneficiary is not necessarily related. |
| Land records | Track parcel and holders over time. | Ownership and residence are distinct. |
| Directories | Connect name, address, occupation and edition. | Edition and update dates may differ. |
Compare two observations
Ask one question, transcribe what each record says and explain agreements or conflicts. This tool organises reasoning; it does not determine relationships. Nothing is sent or automatically saved: export your note before leaving.