A useful citation lets another researcher locate the same record. It is also needed for negative findings or uncertain readings.
The method, step by step
- Include repository, collection, archive reference, place, record type, date and entry or page number. For online images add the image number, persistent link and access date.
- Attach citations to individual facts, not only the whole person. One record may support a date while contradicting another detail.
- Distinguish original image, index, copy and testimony. Two sites reproducing the same record are not independent evidence.
- Separate what you read from what you infer and what needs checking. Save a permitted copy with its reuse conditions.
What to record
A useful citation includes repository, collection, reference, record type and date, page or image, URL and access date. For a transcription, name its author and seek the original. State which conclusion the citation supports.
Record in your research log
- Repository
- collection
- reference
- document
- page
- access date.
Frequently asked questions
Can I reuse someone else’s published tree?
Treat it as a clue. Find citations, check records and respect reuse conditions. Several trees copying one mistake do not constitute independent evidence.
Sources & references
- FranceArchives ↗ (Resource review date : )
- PARES — Portal de Archivos Españoles ↗ (Resource review date : )